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What is an operating agreement?

Updated June 2026 · 4 min read

An operating agreement is the internal rulebook for your LLC — who owns what, who decides what, and what happens if things change. Most states don’t require one, but running an LLC without it is a mistake.

What it actually does

It spells out the rules that otherwise default to your state’s generic law. A good operating agreement covers:

Why even a single-member LLC needs one

If you’re the only owner, it might feel pointless — but it isn’t. The agreement reinforces that your LLC is a separate entity, which helps protect your personal liability shield. Banks and investors often ask to see it, and it makes your intentions clear if you ever add a partner.

What happens without one

Your business runs on your state’s default rules, which may not match what you want — especially around splitting profits or resolving disputes between partners. With multiple owners, the absence of an agreement is how friendships and businesses fall apart.

Keep it current

Revisit the agreement whenever ownership or roles change, and store a signed copy with your business records. It’s a living document, not a one-time formality.

Forming an LLC?

The Pro plan includes a customized operating agreement with your filing.

General information, not legal or tax advice. Rules vary by state and change over time. Filerra is not a law firm.